Particularly, its association with the COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia or VITT has garnered more attention in recent years. However, the number of CVST cases causing stroke or permanent disability continues to increase.

Consequently, there are limited animal models and one-size-fits-all in-vitro systems available to decipher the critical mechanisms underlaying CVST, let alone personalized treatments. The lack of emphasis on integrative research in CVST can partly be attributed to its rarity compared to arterial stroke, nonspecific signs and symptoms in patients, and highly heterogenous cerebral venous sinus (CVS) anatomy, making clinical diagnoses and monitoring more challenging. Unlike arterial thrombosis, which has been intensively studied and modeled, venous thrombosis, particularly in the brain, such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), remains underexplored. Cerebral thrombosis and its associated strokes ranks as the second leading cause of death and the primary cause of disability globally.

Spaceclaim 2d